By Ameh Sunday
Cancer continues to pose a major threat to global health, with the latest figures showing that the disease is claiming millions of lives every year.
According to the latest Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN 2024) estimates released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in July 2026, an estimated 20.6 million people were diagnosed with cancer worldwide in 2024, while 9.8 million people died from the disease.
The figures mean that cancer remains one of the world’s leading causes of death, with approximately one in nine men and one in 13 women dying from cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) similarly reports that cancer caused nearly 10 million deaths globally in 2024, accounting for almost one in six deaths worldwide.
But behind these alarming figures is an important message: cancer prevention is possible.
Not every cancer can be prevented because factors such as age, genetics and some unavoidable exposures can influence an individual’s risk. However, many important cancer risk factors can be modified.
From avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol to maintaining a healthy weight, getting vaccinated against cancer-causing infections and participating in recommended screening programmes, experts say there are practical steps individuals can take to reduce their risk.
Here are 10 important ways to help prevent cancer or reduce your risk of developing the disease:
- Avoid Tobacco Completely
Tobacco remains one of the most important preventable causes of cancer. Smoking and other forms of tobacco use expose the body to numerous cancer-causing chemicals and are strongly linked to lung cancer and several other cancers.
If you smoke, quitting can substantially reduce your risk. If you do not smoke, do not start, and avoid unnecessary exposure to second-hand smoke.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight
Being overweight or obese is associated with an increased risk of several cancers.
Maintaining a healthy body weight through balanced nutrition and regular physical activity can therefore form an important part of cancer prevention.
- Eat a Healthy, Balanced Diet
Make vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans and other nutritious foods regular parts of your diet.
At the same time, limit highly processed foods, sugary drinks and excessive consumption of processed meat and red meat.
A healthy diet should be viewed as a long-term lifestyle rather than a temporary programme.
- Stay Physically Active
Regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight and lower the risk of some cancers.
You do not necessarily need an expensive gym membership. Walking, cycling, swimming, jogging, dancing and other forms of regular movement can contribute to a more active lifestyle.
- Limit Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol is a recognised cancer-causing substance and is associated with several cancers.
Reducing alcohol consumption or avoiding it altogether can help lower cancer risk.
- Get Recommended Vaccinations
Some infections can cause cancer.
For example, persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer and other cancers, while chronic hepatitis B infection can increase the risk of liver cancer.
Vaccination against HPV and hepatitis B, where recommended, is therefore an important cancer-prevention measure.
- Protect Your Skin From Excessive UV Radiation
Too much ultraviolet radiation from the sun can damage skin cells and increase the risk of skin cancer.
When exposed to strong sunlight, seek shade, wear protective clothing and use appropriate sunscreen.
- Reduce Exposure to Carcinogens
Some people are exposed to cancer-causing substances through their jobs or environment.
Workers should follow occupational health and safety procedures when dealing with substances known to cause cancer, including appropriate protective equipment where necessary.
Reducing exposure to harmful smoke and air pollutants can also contribute to healthier living conditions.
- Avoid Unnecessary Radiation Exposure
Radiation has valuable medical uses, but unnecessary exposure should be avoided.
Medical imaging involving radiation should be undertaken when clinically appropriate and under the guidance of qualified healthcare professionals.
People working in environments where radiation is present should also follow established safety procedures.
- Take Screening and Early Detection Seriously
Cancer prevention also involves knowing your risk and participating in appropriate screening.
Depending on age, sex, family history and other risk factors, healthcare professionals may recommend screening for cancers such as cervical, breast or colorectal cancer.
People should also seek medical attention when they notice persistent or unusual symptoms.
Early detection does not prevent every cancer, but detecting cancer at an earlier stage can improve treatment options and outcomes.
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